Most of us think that finding the answer to some problem is as easy as finding the problem and then figure it out the best possible alternative to solve it. This is the typical way of thinking and it is often not the real case in practical world.
Some of the event or occurrence, be it natural or manmade problem, sometimes this problems were left out without any reason of why it is happening. The debate at first will be about what was the cause of the problem rather than how to fix the problem. This first question is much more important than the latter because of a very simple reason, if you failed to understand the real cause and source of the problem, there is a high chance that you will failed to solve them.
With this logic, you will see in the long scientific history, man solve many problems by first asking the wrong questions. After some trial and error, they will eventually go back to their previous assumption and correct it. With time, humans make progress and they will understand well the cause of a problem. When I said that ‘with time’ this does not mean that it takes a several month or years, it maybe span even into centuries or decades.
When humans already understand the cause of the problems, then they can work for the solution. Often this understanding is a collective understanding with varying theories. Some theories might have some sort of similarities with others but there will also be conflicting theories that eventually will give birth to another area to be debated.
So, by the time the work to get solution of a certain scientific problems is done, you will have multiple of answers with multiple of theories base on multiple of assumptions. Then, it will give birth to another branch of debatable subject which will last until god-knows-when. At the end the answer for specific problems might just be choose from the available answers that highly reflect the true nature of the problems. This answer however is still not final and was exposed to future debate.
I think this is the logical way on how you get an answer to a problem.